Basic Format
Whilst we do not want to cramp your creativity in writing, for ease of editing and proofreading may I suggest we stick to the following;
Margins are to be 1" from top, bottom, and sides.
Spacing, single-spaced in all situations.
Typeface, Times New Roman and in 12-point size.
Justification only on left side of paper
Pages numbered, accordingly.
Quotation Marks
Use quotation marks to set off the title of an article or chapter in a periodical or book when the title is mentioned in text, to introduce a word or phrase considered slang, or as an invented or coined expression. An example would be the "high tolerance" variable (no quotation marks after the initial usage.
Abbreviations
Abbreviations should be used sparingly throughout your chapter. Always spell out what the
abbreviation means the first time it is used.
Underlining
Do not underline for mere emphasis. Underline for titles of books, introduction of new terms and
labels (the first time only), statistical symbols (t test), and volume numbers in reference lists.
References
It follows the final page of the chapter and is numbered. Entries appear in alphabetical order according to the last name of the author; two or more works by the same author appear in chronological order by date of publication date. When there are two or more books or articles by the same author, repeat the name of the author in each entry.
Miscellaneous
1. Avoid biased and pejorative language. Do not use 'men' to refer to all adults.
2. Avoid one-sentence paragraphs.
3. Avoid lengthy paragraphs.
GUIDE TO
PLAGIARISM AND
REFERENCING
“Give
credit where credit is due”
As Global
Authors we need to be aware of the laws that govern plagiarism.
General
Perspective
Footnotes,
references, and citations are extremely important components of writing.
Quotations must always be end-noted. A paraphrase, or even a heavy reliance on
someone else’s work, should be noted.
Another and
related function of references and footnotes is to refer the reader to more
elaborated discussions, primary sources of data, and other information which
would be useful to the reader in pursuing the subject further. They also provide
the absolutely necessary means for others to evaluate the adequacy of your
description, and of your analysis and conclusions.
Normally,
quotations should be used sparingly. You should avoid the trap of making your
paper into a string of quotations, properly cited or not. The problem with this
technique is that, as with all data, such quotations seldom speak for
themselves. You should remember to explain, in your own words what is being said
and why its important and relevant.
Plagiarism
Plagiarism is an
extremely serious offense. To plagiarize is to steal and use (the ideas or
writings of another) as one's own. Legally, plagiarism has been defined as the
act of appropriating the literary composition of another, or parts or passages
of his/her writings, or language of the same, and passing them off as the
product of one's own mind.
Put another way,
the act of plagiarism is a form of theft (taking of ideas) and a form of fraud
(misrepresentation). You should remember that ideas and creativity are as
valuable as tangible property. Simply put, the rule is to give credit where
credit is due.
Quotations
When you repeat a
passage or statement, word for word, you are quoting another person. When you
reproduce without acknowledging that you have done so and from whom, you have
plagiarized another person's work. Quotations must be designated as such,
generally by placing quotation marks around the repeated statement. All
quotations must be repeated exactly, and cited exactly, giving all the
appropriate information concerning who said it, where, and where you
found it. To avoid plagiarism, you must include both the quotation
marks and the citation.
Paraphrasing
When you restate
a passage, keeping the essence or central ideas of the original passage intact
but altering its form or substituting other words, you are paraphrasing. When
you translate the original in order to clarify or obscure a meaning, concept, or
idea, you are paraphrasing. When the idea or statement is presented as your own,
or if you do not properly cite the original source, then such paraphrasing is
plagiarism. Generally, when you paraphrase, you should include information in
the text, such as according to Kolko or as Kolko "suggests" to
indicate the directness of your source. You must also give a complete and
accurate citation.
Ideas
When you use
ideas which you have fully, or partially gleaned from an identifiable source, or
set of sources, you must properly acknowledge the origin of these ideas. You
must also give credit to another author whose work has helped you in the
organization or development of your thinking. Failure to give credit for an idea
is plagiarism. The sources or set of sources should be cited sufficiently to
give the reader an indication of the extent of your indebtedness. In addition,
key phrases and concepts which are not in general use, or are being used in a
special sense, should be placed in quotation marks and cited when they are first
employed.
Forms of
Noting and Citing
There are many
forms for references, footnotes, and citations, and this guide can only provide
general guidelines along with suggestions about where to find more information.
There are, however, some basic rules, forms, and problems you should understand.
The basic rule
is simple:
whatever citation form you adopt, it should be consistent, and it should provide
clear, accurate, complete, and usable information to the reader. Some faculty
may insist on a particular style; others may not. But all faculty will insist
that you clearly and consistently convey the necessary information.
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